How many types of land in jharkhand: Basis of land types in Jharkhand (Jharkhand me Jamin ke Prakar)
How many types of land in Jharkhand: The classification ofland in Jharkhand is mainlybased on caste and historical land system . Most of the land here comes underthe Chotanagpur Tenancy (CNT) Act, 1908 and the Santhal Pargana Tenancy (SPT) Act, 1949
How many types of land in Jharkhand: Land types and their legal status
1. Kudkatti Land: Types of Land in Jharkhand
- Definition : This is land that was originally made cultivable by clearing forest or scrub. The name is particularly associated with farmers of the Munda caste.
- Legal status : This land comes under the CNT Act. Its purchase and sale from non-scheduled tribe (ST) people to non-scheduled tribe (Non-ST) people is strictly prohibited. It is not legally considered saleable.
2. Bhuinhar / Oraon Land: How many types of land in jharkhand
- Definition: This land belongs primarily to the Oraon caste [a Scheduled Tribe (ST)]. They traditionally owned agricultural lands.
- Legal status: This also comes under the purview of the CNT Act. Non-ST persons are not allowed to buy or sell this land. Not saleable.
3. Kodkar Land: Types of Land in Jharkhand
- Definition: Historically, this land was given to people who did not belong to the original tribes such as the Munda or Oraon, i.e. non-tribals. It was also sometimes called ‘Sadan’ or ‘Forward Block’ land.
- Legal status: This depends on the specific caste. If the current owner is a Scheduled Tribe (ST) and the land is in a CNT/SPT area, selling to a non-ST may be prohibited. If the owner is a non-ST or the land is outside the CNT/SPT area, buying and selling may be possible. Legal advice and confirmation of the exact location of the land and the status of the owner is a must.
4. Rajhans/ Donated Land:How many types of land in jharkhand
- Definition: It is the land that was donated or distributed by erstwhile kings or landlords.
- Legal status: Legal recognition is only for donation letters (perpetual patta) given before 1 January 1946. Any “Raja ka Daan Patra” given after this date is considered illegal. Buying such land is extremely risky.
5. Manjhias / Vikas Land: How many types of land in jharkhand
- Definition: This is the land that was owned by the landlords and used by them directly for cultivation or was under their management (e.g. for barn, cowshed). Khatian (record) often has ‘Vikas’ written in it. Urdu/Persian words may also be used in it.
- Manjhias land is also known as Vakast, Jajarāt, Man, Vetkheta.
- Legal status: Usually, after zamindari abolition, the land vests in the person/family who was cultivating it or to whom it was allotted. If it is in a CNT/SPT area and the current owner is an ST, restrictions may apply on selling to a non-ST. Otherwise, buying and selling is possible, but a thorough paperwork check is necessary.
6. Kaisar e Hind Land: How many types of land in jharkhand
- The land of the central government is called Kaiser-e-Hind land. This land also cannot be settled. The state government is responsible for taking care of this land.
Types of Land in Jharkhand: Rajhans/ Donated Land/ Manjhias / Vikas Land/ Kaisar e Hind Land
7. Khasmahal Land: How many types of land in jharkhand
- Before independence, the land that the British administrators used to keep their soldiers, horses, government residence, office, has been kept in the Khasmahal category. This land is government land. Most of the land in Sahebganj and Medininagar city is called Khasmahal land. This land is given on lease for a fixed period. But it cannot be settled.
8. Raiti Land: Types of Land in Jharkhand
- Definition: It is the land on which the farmer (raiyat) used to cultivate by paying rent to the landlord. It shows a tenancy situation.
- Legal status: After the abolition of Zamindari, most of the raiyats got ownership/rights to their agricultural land. Its legal status depends on the caste of the current owner and the location of the land (whether in CNT/SPT area or not). Thorough investigation is required.
9. Gair-Majarua/Govt Land (State Government):How many types of land in jharkhand
- Gair-Majruwa land is of two types:- (i) Gair-Majruwa Khas and (ii) Gair-Majruwa Aam (Gair-Majruwa Owner)
(i) Gair Majarua Aam: Types of Land in Jharkhand
- This is government land. This land is used collectively by the communities living there. Like road, well, pond, canal, Masna, Sarna, crematorium etc. This land cannot be settled in anyone’s name. It can neither be bought nor sold.
- Any kind of sale or possession of it is illegal. It can also be called ‘Gair Mazraua Malkana’.
(ii) Gair Majarua Khas: Types of Land in Jharkhand
- This is the government land which was used for specific administrative purposes (like the jurisdiction of the landlord, government building, cowshed etc.). The government can use such land from time to time (like allotment to the landless). That is, settlement can be done. It is not directly purchasable. It can be sold only after it is allotted to someone (subject to rules).
- Such land which was under the zamindar during the zamindari system in the form of khamihaan, cattle pastures, cowshed etc. This land was taken over by the government after the end of the zamindari system but no farming/cultivation was possible on this land. In the land survey, this land was not surveyed in the name of any common person. No one could own this land. This land is called non-cultivated khas or owner land. The government has arranged this land for the landless people.
- Others: Municipal corporations, panchayats, district councils etc. also have their own lands. Not saleable, except through settlement through government process.
10. Central Government Land:How many types of land in jharkhand
- Definition: Railway lines, defence land (cantonments), forest department land (reserved/protected forests), post and telegraph department land etc. These are managed by the concerned central department/agency.
- Legal status : Their purchase and sale is completely prohibited for the general public. Possession of these is illegal.
How many types of land in jharkhand: Important things to remember while buying land: Types of Land in Jharkhand
1. CNT/SPT Act is most important: CNT Act and SPT Act are paramount in deciding the legality of purchase and sale in Jharkhand . Under these, transfer of land of Scheduled Tribe ( ST) by a non-Scheduled Tribe ( Non-ST) person is a serious crime.
2. The name of the land is not enough: The name of the type of land (such as ‘Manjesh’, ‘Bhumihari’) alone is not enough to determine whether the land can be purchased or not. The caste of the current owner ( ST or Non-ST) and the exact location of the land (is it in a CAT/SPT notified area) are crucial.
3. In-depth scrutiny of documents: Before buying, get the Khatian (Record of Rights – RoR), Naksha (map) , documents of the last 30-40 years , Band Obstruction Search Report thoroughly examined by an experienced lawyer . See that the ownership history is clear and there are no legal restrictions.
4. Be careful with government land: Any claim of buying any kind of government land (state or central) is highly suspicious . Avoid such offers.
5. Professional advice is a must: Buying land is a big investment. Always seek the advice of a qualified lawyer who is well versed with the local land laws of Jharkhand. Show him all the documents and take any decision only after his opinion.
How many types of land in jharkhand: Land purchase process in Jharkhand
Buying land in Jharkhand can be a complicated process, especially due to the CNT and SPT Acts. It is illegal for non-tribals to buy and sell tribal land such as Khudkatti , Bhuinhari/Uraon . Buying and selling Karkar, Manjhi/Manjesh, Raiti land is possible only if the current owner is a non-ST and there are no legal encumbrances on the land. Buying Rajhans land (post-1946 claims) and any type of government land is fraught with great risk.
Remember: Don’t get confused by the name or type of land. Thorough scrutiny of documents and advice from a reliable land law expert lawyer is essentialfor a legally safe transaction. Caution and complete information will prevent future disputes.
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